ááŽáąá ᡠááśáŻáŻá¸áá˝áŹÂ áąááŹášááŽáąááŹáášááášá¸ ááášááášáááŻáŻááš áĄáá˝áášááá˛áˇ áááŤááśáŻáŻá¸áąááŹášááŽááźáášáááŻáŻ ážáááˇášáááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇ Dixie áááŻáŻáá˛áˇ ááŹááášáąááźÂ áˇáąááŹáˇ áá°ááášááşáášá¸ ááŽááášááášááąáḠáááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá ááášáááŻáŻáĄááśááźáášáááá˛ááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáá¸áá°á¸áᏠááááááźáŹá¸ááášá áá°áááš ááášáááŻáŻáąáżááááŻáŻáášááá˛áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááá˝áášáááąááá˛áˇ UFL ( Univeristy of Foreign Language, Yangon) áá˝áŹ áááŻáŻáášá
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ášááášáá°á¸áá˛áˇ ááźáşáášáá áĄáąáááááášáąááźáąááŹáˇ ááášáááŻáŻáĄááśááźáášáᲠááááá°á¸  áááŻáŻáášáááŻáŻáąááŹáˇ ááááşáášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄááśááźáášááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáżááąááŹáˇ áá°ááášáá˛Â áˇáááŻáŻáášá¸áááš áąááŹáášá¸ááşáŽá¸áąáá¸ááášá áááŻáŻáášá
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áżááąáá¤áˇáááşáášá¸áá˝áŹ Paulau Ubin áááşáášá¸áááŻáŻ áá°ááŹáĄá°ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄááśááźáášááŹáááŻáŻá¸á Jose áááŻáŻ ááşááłáąáá¸áááŻáŻ ᡠáĄááśááźáášáááŻáŻ áˇááąááŹáˇ ááášááášá áášáąáĄáŹááš ááźá˛ááŤáááš áááŻáŻáąáá¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄááśááźáášáááŤááášá ááááŻáŻáášáąááźá ááşá ášá áżáá áš áááźá˛áá°á¸á ááźáášáąááźá ááá˛Â áˇá áááŽáá°á¸á áąááşáŹáášá¸áá˝áŹ áĄááśááźáášáᲠáááŹáĄááśááźáášáááŽáá˛áˇ ááááŻáŻáášáąáá¸áááŻáŻ áááĄáŽá¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠá ážáááášá áąááŹáášá ááŻáŻáášá¸á áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻ ááášáá°áá˝ ááŹá¸áááášážááá°á¸á áá°ááşááłá¸áąááŤáášá¸á áśáŻáŻá áąáááśáąááŤáášá¸á áśáŻáŻáá˛áˇ áżááąáá¤áˇáááşáášá¸áá˝áŹ áąááá°á¸áá˛áˇ ááźáşáášáá ááŹá¸ááášááášá áááŻáŻáášá¸áááš áá°ááášáááŻáŻ áˇáᲠᡠá ááŹá¸áąáżááŹáááš áá°ááášá ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ ááŹááŹáżááášáááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ áĄáá¤áááášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹá ááźáşáášáá áá°ááášáááŻáŻ áĄáá¤áááášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹáᲠᡠEnglish to English ááŹááŹáżááášááᏠááášá ááŹáąááŹáˇ áĄáąááŹáášá¸ááŹá¸á ááášá¸ááášá¸ážááŹááŹáąááŹáˇáá˝ áąáááśáąááźáááŻáŻ ááŹá¸ááĽášááŹá áá°ááášááşáášá¸áąááźááášá¸ áżáá ášááŹáżááášáąááŹáˇ áá° ááŹáááŻáŻááŻáŻááááŻáŻááşáášáá˝áášá¸ áááąááąááŹáˇ ááŹááŹáżááášá áᏠááááŻáŻáąááŹáˇáá°á¸á á ááŹá¸ááášá¸áá˛áˇ ááŹááŹá¸áááźá˛áááš ááşáášáá˛áˇááśáŻáŻá¸áąááŹáášá ááášááášááŻáŻáášá¸ááĄáąážááŹáášá¸á ááá áááŻáŻášáášááŻáŻáášá¸á áĄáąážááŹáášá¸á áááĄáąááźÂ áˇáĄážááśÂ áŻáŻá áĄáá°áĄááąááźáááŻáŻÂ áąáżááŹážááááŻáŻážááżááášá¸ááŻáŻáášážáááŹááşáŹá¸ ááżááŹá¸áá°áąááź ááŹá¸áááášáááŻáŻáášáąááá˛áˇ ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ áˇáąááźááąááŹáˇ áááŤá¸ááŤá¸ áááŹá¸ááŹá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇááŻáŻáášáąáážáááŹáá˛á
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áĄáá¤áááášá ᏠááąááŹáášá¸áá°á¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááá˛áˇ áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áĄááśááźáášáá˝áášáżááŽá¸ áĄáá¤áááášá áŹáąááŹáášá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááá˛áˇ ááźáşáášáá áĄááśááźáášáá˝áŹá¸ááášá oil áááŻáŻáá˛áˇ á ááŹá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸á ááźáşáášááĄááźááš áĄáąááŹášááźáášáááášáá˛áˇ á ááŹá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸á ESL ááášááášá¸áá˝áŹáááŻáŻ áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áĄáżáá˛áżááášáąáá¸áááášá ááŽááşáášááŹáááŻáŻáááŻáŻáášá¸á áá˝áşáŹáááŻáŻ ááášáĄáąááĄááŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááŹá¸áááášáááŻáŻáᏠááášáąáá¸ááášá ááŤá¸á áášáááášááá˛áˇáąáááŹáá˝áŹ ááááášáááš áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áá° ááŤá¸á áášááááášááášáá°á¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááźáşáášááááŻáŻ ááŹá¸ááášááášá ááşááášáááŤáľ ( grammer ) á áżááášááŹáááŤáľáᲠáˇáˇ áá°ááŹáááŻáŻ ááşááášá Ꮰáá ááášáá°á¸ááŻáŻáášá¸á áááááŹá¸ááááášá áżááášáá ášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸á áá˝áááášáááŻáŻ ᡠáááŻáŻááŤááášá ááŤáá˝áášááášááŽá áŽááśáŻáŻá¸á áááŻáŻáášá ááá˛ááŹá¸ááźáášá¸áᲠᡠáá°ááášááşáášá¸áá áżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáášáá ááźáášááŻáŻáášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áąáżááŹáááš áąáĄáŹášážááŽá¸áá ášážááŽá¸áᲠᡠááášáżáá ášáąááááŹá¸ ááášááąááá˛áˇ áżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹáááš áĄáášááááš áá°á¸ááśáˇáááŻáŻ ᡠáżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáá˛áąáżááŹáááŻáŻ ᡠáááŻáŻáášááźáášá¸áá°á¸ááŤááá˛áˇá áżááášááŹááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áᏠááŹáášá áŹá¸á áĄááśáŻáŻá¸áĄáááášá¸áąááź áĄáášááááš ážááźáášááŤááášá áá°áĄáášáášááášáášáąááşáŹáášá¸áá˝áŹ áżááášááŹá áŹááášážááá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áąááźá áżááášááŹá ᏠáĄáášáááášááášááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášá¸ážáááášá ááááášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáášá áąááááŻáŻáášáá˛áˇáąááááś ááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáášáá˛áˇ ááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻ ááášáááşáášá¸áááŻáŻ áˇáááŻáŻáᏠáĄáášááááš ááášááášá áżááášááŹá ááŹá¸ááášáá˛áˇ ááąááŹáˇá፠áááŻáŻáášáááŻáŻá¸áááŻáŻ ááşáŽá¸ááşá´á¸ááááášá
áááŹáá ᎠáĄáá˝ááˇášááş Â presentation show áąááź ááŻáŻáášážááááš áżááášááŹá áŹááŹáááźá˛áąá áˇáááŻáŻ á áášááášá áżááášááŹá Ꮰááášááşáášááźáášá¸áá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸á áąááşáŹáášá¸áááášááášáá˝áŹ áá°Â áˇááááĄááášáááŻáŻ áĄááášáżááášáąááá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸áááášááášáá˝áŹ ááąááşáŹášáááŻáŻáášáá˝áŹáá°á¸á ááśááśáá˝áŹÂ áąááŤáášá¸áááŻáŻá¸áá˝áŹ áĄááášáá˛Â áˇáąáááŹáááŻáŻáášá¸áá˝áŹ áżááášááŹá áŹáąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ á áŹááźáášáąááźá ááášáááášá¸ áżááášááŹá áŹáĄáŻáŻááš áááşáąááŹáˇ ááááąááźá áá°áááŻáŻÂ áˇááŹá¸áąáḠáŚá¸áąáá˝áŹáášáá˝Â áąááŹáášá¸áąáá¸áá˛Â áˇááŹá¸áááŻáŻáżááŽá¸ á ááášáá°áᏠáąááŤáášá¸áááŻáŻ á ááášáááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇ ááźáášááŹáá˛áˇ áĄáąáżáá áá° áˇáąááŤáášá¸áá˛áá˝áŹ áĄáżáá˛áąááźá¸áąááá˛áˇ ááááˇášá ááá ášá ááááŻáŻá¸á ááąááşáŹáášá¸ááášá áá˝á ášáąááşáŹáášá¸ááášá áąáĄáŹáášááżáá ášá áąáá¸áąáá¸ááášá ááśáŻáŻá¸ážááŽá¸ááášááśááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇááŤáá˛áˇ ááŹáášáá˝áášáĄáąáżááááŻáŻ áááŤááá˛áˇá áĄá˛ááŽáąá áˇá áąááŹáášááşáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááŻáŻáášááśáąááź ááąáżááŹáášá¸áąáżááŹáášá¸áá˛Â áˇÂ áąááşá¸áá°á¸ááášááŤááášáááŻáŻááŹáᲠáá˝áŽáááŻáŻáášááášá ááášáááśáŻáŻá¸áĄáżá ᰠá ááŻáŻáááŻáŻá¸á ááášááśáŻáŻá¸á ááᎠááášááŹá¸áá˛áˇ áżááášááŹáąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áąáá¸áąááź ááşá ášá áᏠáááášáąááŹáášá¸ááášá
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ááźáşáášá áĄážáá áŻáŻáášááśáŻáŻá¸á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáąááźáá˛á ááĄáŻáŻáášáżáá ášáá˛áˇ áááŹáážááŽá¸Â áąááááášááşááłá¸ááşá ášáá˛Â ᡠColourful Myanmar á áŹáĄáŻáŻááš Language and Pitfalls áĄááášá¸áá˛á áąááŹáášááŻáŻáášááşáášáááşááł áˇááᯠáá°ááśáŻáŻá¸ááŹá¸ááŤááášá áááżááŽá¸ááŹá¸  áżááášááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáąááá˛áˇ ááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááź áá˝áášá¸áżááááŻáŻ ááášáżááŽá áááŹáážááŽá¸áᲠᡠáĄáá¤áááášá ᏠáĄáąáá¸áĄááŹá¸ááŻáŻááášáááŻáŻáášááá áááááášáááŻáŻáąááŹáˇ ááášááşáŹá¸ááŤááŤáąáááášá  áá°ááá° ááŤáááášá¸áżáá ášáąááá˛áˇ ááášáąááźáááŻáŻ áĄáąááŹášáááŹááášá¸á  á áŻáŻááŻáŻáśá¸áááášá¸ááźáášá¸áżááŽá¸ ááŻáŻááśááŹááŹáᲠᡠááááżááášááŹáááŻáŻáášááś ááášáąááŹáášááśáŻáŻáĄáąážááŹáášá¸Â áąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ King Among Men á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášá áááŹáážááŽá¸áá˛Â ᡠmasterpiece áĄáąááŹáášá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸ááášááŹáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáááŻáŻážáááášá  ááá°ááŹááášá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŻáŻááá°áá°áááááśáŻáŻáżááášáááŻáŻ áááášá¸áááŻáŻáášááášá¸áááŻáŻ áąáá¸áááŻáŻ ᡠááááŻáŻáášá¸áááŹáá˝áášáąááźáá˛Â áˇÂ áąááźÂ áˇááśáŻáŻáąááźá¸áąááźá¸á ááŻáŻáąááááżá áŻáŻáżááŽá¸áá˝Â áąáá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáá˝áášááŹá¸áá°á¸ááášá áĄáąááŹášáááŹá ááşáášá á ášááŹá¸á ááąááźá¸áá°á¸á áááśáŻáŻá¸ááášááášá áąááŹáášáŚá¸áááŽá¸á ááşáášááá ááşáášáá ááášááá°á ááášáŚá¸á áąá áŹááźáášáá˝á áááŻáŻááášáąááŹáášá ááášáĽ ááŹáááášáá˛á ááŹáášáąááŹáášáąááźá áĄá˛ááŽá áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáá˛áá˝áŹ ááááˇášáá°ááŹá¸áąááźáżáá ášáááŻáŻ  ᡠáĄáąááŹášáąááŹáášá¸áá˛áˇ á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášá
Since the days back in nineteen twenties, when I went along with my grandfather, U Pe of Mandalay, on his archeological expeditions to the acient city of Bagan, I have fallen in love with the city and her people of the past. He once showed me a terra-cotta plaque with a Pali inscription on paper and read out to me the name and title of the king. I cherished the piece of paper for as long as a time as an eleven-year-old kid could; for who would not be thrilled to own an autograph of a king of nine hundred years ago?
Grandfather spoke of historical characters as if they were our next door neighbors. He once described Anawrahta as kalatha king with a wander-lust. The term kalathais used to describe wild, boisterous young men, or men about the town. Grandfather called Anawrahta a kalathaking, because of his shrewdness and insight in the affairs of the state. When he said that, Anawrahta became a real person, not a cold, printed name in a text book.
áĄááźááˇášáĄáá˝áŹá ááŹá¸áᲠáˇáááš áĄáąááŹášá ááášááášá áŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąááŹáášá¸áąááżááŽá á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáááášá¸áąáááŹáá˛Â ᡠááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááźá áĄáąáááĄáąáááááš ááąááŹáášáąááŹáˇáá°á¸á
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Let 's Call Them Names
   The Myanmar language is rich in names , the good and printable ones as well as the other king. We have various ways of addressing our fellow-beings, or calling names, to use a literal translation of the Myanmar expression.
   It is not quite considerate to a non-Myanmar to introduce a man as, for example, U Thin and then have hime addressed by different people as Ko Thin or Maung Tin or Ko Gyi Tin or U Lay Tin. Chances are that the poor bemused foreigner is at a loss as to who is referring to whom, and he may not be able to decide what he should call the said gentleman. May be he has some colorful names to call him by but not aloud.
áŚá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáááášááášáąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇáá°ááąááŹáášáááŻáŻ ááżááŹá¸áá°áąááźá áááŻáŻááášá áąááŹáášááášá áááŻáŻážááŽá¸ááášá áŚá¸áąáá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáááąááážááąááŹáˇ ááąááááášáąááŹáášáżáá ášááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇÂ áááŻáŻáášááśáżááŹá¸ááŹá¸áááşáŹ ááášáá°á ááášáá°Â áˇáááŻáŻ ááášáááášá¸áá˝áášá¸áááá ááášáááŻáŻáąáááąááááá˝áášá¸ áááśáŻáŻá¸áżááášáááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇááąááŹáášáá˛á
"Ko" or "Maung" and "Ma" are usually among one's own peers and "U" and "Daw" are used by the younger to their seniors. "Ko""Maung" and "Ma" are informal". In  some localities, Ko Maung is used with the monosyllable of a man's name, for example, Ko Maung Tin. ááźáášáá°áááŻáŻáááš áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá á ááášáąáááżááŽá¸ áŚá¸á áąááááąááŹáˇ ááášáá°áąááźá áĄážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻÂ áąáááąááážáááášá áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá á áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášáąááážááąááá˛áˇ áááşááłÂ áˇáĄááášáąáááąááźáá˝áŹ áááŻáŻáąááŹáášáááŻáŻ áĄááşááłá¸ááŹá¸ááŹááášáĄáżáá áš ááśáŻáŻá¸ážááżááášáąáᏠáĽááᏠáááŻáŻáąááŹáášááášá"Ko""Maung" and "Ko Maung" are used among one's own peers but a senior gentleman in high official status might use them to his juniors, for example, Ko Hla Aung or Ko Maung Nyi. It is a fine gesture on his part, polite as well as affections. áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá áááŻáŻáąááŹáášá ááźáášáá°áąááźážááŹá¸Â áąáááąááááášáááŻáŻáąááá˛áˇ áĄááŹááá˝áááŹáášá áá°Â áˇááášááášáá˛áˇáá°áááŻáŻááášá¸ áąáááąáááááŻáŻáášááŤáááš áĽááᏠáááŻáŻáá˝áąáĄáŹáášá áááŻáŻáąááŹáášááŽá ááŤáᏠáá° ááĽášáąááşá¸áááááá˝ááááŻáŻ ááášááášááášáááŻáŻáᏠáżáááá˛áˇ áĄáááĄáᏠáá ášááŻáŻááŤáá˛á Juniors often address their seniors, as Ah-ko-gyi or Ko-gyi prefixed to the monosyllable of the man's name, for example, Ko Gyi Kyaw, this prefix means big brother. áĄááášáąááźá áĄážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ áááŤáááśáá˝áŹ áĄá ášáááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áĄá ášáááŻáŻ ááášáąááážááááš áĽááᏠáááŻáŻážááŽá¸áąááşáŹášá
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How to address the seniors
 The Myanmars seldom, if at all, address a senior person by name. The epithets "A-Ko-Gyi, Ah-Ko, Ko-Gyi, Ko-Ko(big brother), U or U-lay, U-Gyi, Ba Gyi, Ba Gyi(Uncle) for men and Ma Ma, A-Ma-Gyi (big sister), Daw Daw (aunt) for women, are used depending on the age of the people involved. áżááášááŹáá°ááşááłá¸áąááźáᏠááŻáŻáááˇášááášáĄááášážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ ááŹááášááášáąáááá˛ááŤááášá áĄá ášáááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áĄá ášáááŻáŻá áááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áááŻáŻáááŻáŻá áŚá¸á áŚá¸áąáá¸á áážááŽá¸Â áąááźá áąááŹááşáŹášá¸áąáá¸áááŻáŻÂ áąáááąáááááš ááśáŻáŻá¸áżááŽá¸ áááášá¸ááąáá¸áááŻáŻááášáąááŹáˇ ááá áĄá ášáážááŽá¸á áąáááąáá áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáááąááááŤááášá áąáááąáááá˛áˇáá°áá˛Â áˇÂ áąáááąááááśááá˛áˇáá°áąááźáá˛Â ᡠáĄááášáĄááźáášáąáááá˝áŹááášá¸ áá°ááášááŤááášá
How a husband is addressed
  In my parents and grand-parents days, ladies do not usually call their husbands by their name (I believe they called them a lot of other names in private), they seemed shy to do so. Husband were often referred to as either ein-ga-lu or ein-thar (man of the house). Perhaps these terms are synonymous with "good man" found  in the English classics. ááźáşáášááááŻáŻÂ áˇáĄáááŻáŻá¸áĄááźáŹá¸áąááźáąááášááŻáŻáášá¸á  áááášá¸ááąááźá áąááŹáášáşáŹá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŹááášáááŻáŻÂ áąáááąááˇáááá˝áá°á¸á (ááŽá¸ááášÂ áˇááŹááášáąááź ááá˝ááááˇášááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááźáşáášá ááśáŻáŻážááášáááš) áá°áááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄá˛áááŻáŻáąáááąááááá˝áŹ áá˝áášááśáŻáŻáááášá áąááŹáášáşáŹá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ áĄááášááá°á áĄááášááŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąááááášá áĄáá¤áááášáááśááášáááłáłáąááźáá˛á good man áá˛Â ᡠááźáŹá¸áá°ááśáŻáŻáááášá
The Trouble with You and Me
Person to person relationship
 Of course, the trouble is mainly with you...s and me...s in Myanmar language. My sympathy is with the poor bemused foreigner who has to learn the language. I see many fight a losing battle, especially with personal pronouns. There are many variations, which, as Shwe Yoe said, "might be phillogically interesting, but spoilt the temper."áżááášááŹááŹááŹáá˛Â ᡠáĄááá áżááááŹá ááášá áááš ááŤá ááźáşáášáááąááŹáˇ áżááášááŹá áŹááášáá˛áˇÂ áááŻáŻáášááśáżááŹá¸ááŹá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ ááśáá¸áąááá˛áˇ áááŻáŻáášááźá˛áááŻáŻ ááášáááŻáŻáášáąááá˛áˇáá°áááŻáŻÂ áˇáżááášááášá áĄáá°á¸ááżáááˇáš ááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááźáá˛Â ᡠááášááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇáąááŤáˇá ááźá˛ááźá˛áááąááź áĄááşáŹá¸ážááŽá¸ááá˝ááášÂ áąáááááŻáŻá¸áąáżááŹááááŻáŻáŻáŻ á ááášááášá áŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇáąááŹáˇÂ áąááŹáášá¸ááŤáá˛Â ᡠ ááŤáąááá˛áˇÂ áąááŤáááźáášáááášá ááźáşáášáąááŹášá ááášááşáŹá¸á ááźáşáášáá áá˝áášá ááŤá ááášá ááášá ááášá¸á áááşááŻáŻášáášáááááˇášáąááŹášá áĄáá˝áášááŻáŻááŹá¸ áááˇášáąááŹášááááŻáŻÂ áąáááąáááąáżááŹáááŻáŻáááášá
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Honorific Terms
 There is still a thesaurus of honorific terms in relationship between laymen and monks. A monk does not eat, but he phone-pays; he does not sleep, but he kyeins; he does not come or go, but the kywas; he does not stay in some place, but he tha-din-thones; he does not die but he pyan-daw-mus. A layman does not speak to a monk, but he has to shauk; one does not hand things to monk, but has to kat; one does not invite monks, but hast to pink. Things in relation to monks are also called in different terms. Rice meal is soon, and houses for monks, kyaungs. A woman is referred to as da-yi-kar-ma, and the man as da-yi-kar. Older persons are called da-gar-ma-gyi (female) and da-gar-gyi(male). A monk's father and mothers are called the same.
The Trouble with In-Laws
 Our language is quite rich in names by which we call in-laws, the good and printable ones, I mean. Once I introduced my son's mother-in-law to a non-Burmese friend as "my kha-met" explaining that it describes our relationship. My friend said she wished there are a similar word in English. "When I introduced my son's parents-in-law as Mr. and Mrs. So and So, it does nothing to explain our relationship", she said.
 In many ways, I think, the English language is rather poor in expression, for when we say "brother-in-law" it does not quite tell us whether it is a man-to-man relation, or woman to man relation. In Myanmar, a man's wife's brother or his sister's husband is yauk-pha. I believe Karens used this word to mean "friend".
Brother and Sister Terms
 Among the Myanmar, if a man called you (a man) yauk-pha, it works both ways; either he is leering at your beautiful sister, or trying to throw his sister into your arms. So it depends on the circumstances whether this form of address is to anyone's advantage.
 The word changes when it describes the woman to man relationship; a woman husband's younger brother or her younger sister's husband is called mutt, a husband's other brother or her older sister's husband is khe-oh; when two men are married to tow sisters, each one to the other, I mean, they are called ma-yar-nyi-ah-ko, that is to say, "brother-by virtue of -their wives".
 A woman's brother's wife or her husband's sister is youk-ma; a man's younger brother's wife or his wife's younger sister is a khe-ma; a man's elder brother's wife or his wife's elder sister is a ma-yee, when two women are married to two brothers, they arelin-nyi-ah-ma; these are the variations of the word "sister-in-law" in English.
A Brother, Elder or Younger?
 "Brother", and "sister" create quite a lot of problems in Myanmar language; a man's younger sister is hna-ma, elder sister ah-ma; a woman's younger sister is nyi-ma, elder sister ah-ma, the same as a man's elder sister. A man's younger brother is nyiand elder brother is ah-ko; a woman's younger brother is maung and elder brother ah-ko, the same as a man's elder brother.
 The "older" or the "younger" problem created quite a stir in the B.B.C headquarters some years ago, when the news of some celebrity's brother was about to be put on the air; the one in charge of the Myanmar section insisted on knowing whether the man was the older or younger brother. His chief could not quite understand why he should make an issue of it, until the Vietnamese section demanded the same information.
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Cousin - Â no Myanmar Equivalent
 Another tricky word is cousin, for which the Myanmar have no equivalent. We have a suffix in Myanmar wun-kwe to describe the relationship among those who are scions of the same grand-parents; the world nyi or nyi-ma is added.
 Again there are uncles and aunts; a parent's elder brother is ba-gyior u-gyi, younger brother u-lay or ba-dway; the older sister of a parent is ghee-daw or kyee-kyee, a younger sister is daw-lay or daw-daw, ah-yeeis mostly used by Upper Myanmars and it is common gender, aunt or uncle; gyior lay is added to show whether he or she is older than your parent.
 There are localities where ah-yee is considered feminine gender, and people often get a shock at some different place to see a venerable gentleman with a handle bar mustache when a frail little old lady is expected.
How to have grandchildren while single and respectable
 Our grandchildren are myee, common gender, so are our grand nephews and nieces. Bachelors and spinsters could have myees, even while living a blameless life of single blessedness. I have had a good share of maiden aunts and great aunts and I can say that I was descended from a "long line of maiden aunts" without slurring anyone's good name.
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áááŽá¸áááš
áááĄááŻáŻáášáĄááŻáŻááŹ
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áżááášážáááš
ááášááŽ
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áĄáŹáá˝áá˝áŹáąááŹáˇ áĄááŻáŻáášáááŹá¸áąá ᡠááśáŻáŻá¸áááášááášá áąáá á ááášáąá ᡠáá°áĄáášá ášáá˝áŹáąááŹáˇ á áášááášáᏠá ááášáąá áˇÂ áąáááŹáąáá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąááááŤááášá Happy Blogger Day á Happy Labor Day á Happy Holidays áżáá ášááŤáąá á
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Reference : Colorful Myanmar, King Among Men ( Author -Khin Myo Chit)
áżááąáá¤áˇáááşáášá¸áá˝áŹ Paulau Ubin áááşáášá¸áááŻáŻ áá°ááŹáĄá°ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄááśááźáášááŹáááŻáŻá¸á Jose áááŻáŻ ááşááłáąáá¸áááŻáŻ ᡠáĄááśááźáášáááŻáŻ áˇááąááŹáˇ ááášááášá áášáąáĄáŹááš ááźá˛ááŤáááš áááŻáŻáąáá¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄááśááźáášáááŤááášá ááááŻáŻáášáąááźá ááşá ášá áżáá áš áááźá˛áá°á¸á ááźáášáąááźá ááá˛Â áˇá áááŽáá°á¸á áąááşáŹáášá¸áá˝áŹ áĄááśááźáášáᲠáááŹáĄááśááźáášáááŽáá˛áˇ ááááŻáŻáášáąáá¸áááŻáŻ áááĄáŽá¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠá ážáááášá áąááŹáášá ááŻáŻáášá¸á áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻ ááášáá°áá˝ ááŹá¸áááášážááá°á¸á áá°ááşááłá¸áąááŤáášá¸á áśáŻáŻá áąáááśáąááŤáášá¸á áśáŻáŻáá˛áˇ áżááąáá¤áˇáááşáášá¸áá˝áŹ áąááá°á¸áá˛áˇ ááźáşáášáá ááŹá¸ááášááášá áááŻáŻáášá¸áááš áá°ááášáááŻáŻ áˇáᲠᡠá ááŹá¸áąáżááŹáááš áá°ááášá ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ ááŹááŹáżááášáááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ áĄáá¤áááášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹá ááźáşáášáá áá°ááášáááŻáŻ áĄáá¤áááášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹáᲠᡠEnglish to English ááŹááŹáżááášááᏠááášá ááŹáąááŹáˇ áĄáąááŹáášá¸ááŹá¸á ááášá¸ááášá¸ážááŹááŹáąááŹáˇáá˝ áąáááśáąááźáááŻáŻ ááŹá¸ááĽášááŹá áá°ááášááşáášá¸áąááźááášá¸ áżáá ášááŹáżááášáąááŹáˇ áá° ááŹáááŻáŻááŻáŻááááŻáŻááşáášáá˝áášá¸ áááąááąááŹáˇ ááŹááŹáżááášá áᏠááááŻáŻáąááŹáˇáá°á¸á á ááŹá¸ááášá¸áá˛áˇ ááŹááŹá¸áááźá˛áááš ááşáášáá˛áˇááśáŻáŻá¸áąááŹáášá ááášááášááŻáŻáášá¸ááĄáąážááŹáášá¸á ááá áááŻáŻášáášááŻáŻáášá¸á áĄáąážááŹáášá¸á áááĄáąááźÂ áˇáĄážááśÂ áŻáŻá áĄáá°áĄááąááźáááŻáŻÂ áąáżááŹážááááŻáŻážááżááášá¸ááŻáŻáášážáááŹááşáŹá¸ ááżááŹá¸áá°áąááź ááŹá¸áááášáááŻáŻáášáąááá˛áˇ ááźáşáášááááŻáŻ áˇáąááźááąááŹáˇ áááŤá¸ááŤá¸ áááŹá¸ááŹá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇááŻáŻáášáąáážáááŹáá˛á
áĄáá¤áááášá ᏠááąááŹáášá¸áá°á¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááá˛áˇ áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áĄááśááźáášáá˝áášáżááŽá¸ áĄáá¤áááášá áŹáąááŹáášá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááá˛áˇ ááźáşáášáá áĄááśááźáášáá˝áŹá¸ááášá oil áááŻáŻáá˛áˇ á ááŹá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸á ááźáşáášááĄááźááš áĄáąááŹášááźáášáááášáá˛áˇ á ááŹá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸á ESL ááášááášá¸áá˝áŹáááŻáŻ áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áĄáżáá˛áżááášáąáá¸áááášá ááŽááşáášááŹáááŻáŻáááŻáŻáášá¸á áá˝áşáŹáááŻáŻ ááášáĄáąááĄááŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááŹá¸áááášáááŻáŻáᏠááášáąáá¸ááášá ááŤá¸á áášáááášááá˛áˇáąáááŹáá˝áŹ ááááášáááš áááŻáŻáášá¸ááášá áá° ááŤá¸á áášááááášááášáá°á¸áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááźáşáášááááŻáŻ ááŹá¸ááášááášá ááşááášáááŤáľ ( grammer ) á áżááášááŹáááŤáľáᲠáˇáˇ áá°ááŹáááŻáŻ ááşááášá Ꮰáá ááášáá°á¸ááŻáŻáášá¸á áááááŹá¸ááááášá áżááášáá ášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸á áá˝áááášáááŻáŻ ᡠáááŻáŻááŤááášá ááŤáá˝áášááášááŽá áŽááśáŻáŻá¸á áááŻáŻáášá ááá˛ááŹá¸ááźáášá¸áᲠᡠáá°ááášááşáášá¸áá áżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáášáá ááźáášááŻáŻáášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áąáżááŹáááš áąáĄáŹášážááŽá¸áá ášážááŽá¸áᲠᡠááášáżáá ášáąááááŹá¸ ááášááąááá˛áˇ áżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáąáżááŹáááš áĄáášááááš áá°á¸ááśáˇáááŻáŻ ᡠáżááášáá ášáááŻáŻáá˛áąáżááŹáááŻáŻ ᡠáááŻáŻáášááźáášá¸áá°á¸ááŤááá˛áˇá áżááášááŹááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áᏠááŹáášá áŹá¸á áĄááśáŻáŻá¸áĄáááášá¸áąááź áĄáášááááš ážááźáášááŤááášá áá°áĄáášáášááášáášáąááşáŹáášá¸áá˝áŹ áżááášááŹá áŹááášážááá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áąááźá áżááášááŹá ᏠáĄáášáááášááášááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášá¸ážáááášá ááááášááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáášá áąááááŻáŻáášáá˛áˇáąááááś ááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáášáá˛áˇ ááŹááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻ ááášáááşáášá¸áááŻáŻ áˇáááŻáŻáᏠáĄáášááááš ááášááášá áżááášááŹá ááŹá¸ááášáá˛áˇ ááąááŹáˇá፠áááŻáŻáášáááŻáŻá¸áááŻáŻ ááşáŽá¸ááşá´á¸ááááášá
áááŹáá ᎠáĄáá˝ááˇášááş Â presentation show áąááź ááŻáŻáášážááááš áżááášááŹá áŹááŹáááźá˛áąá áˇáááŻáŻ á áášááášá áżááášááŹá Ꮰááášááşáášááźáášá¸áá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸á áąááşáŹáášá¸áááášááášáá˝áŹ áá°Â áˇááááĄááášáááŻáŻ áĄááášáżááášáąááá˛áˇÂ áąááşáŹáášá¸áááášááášáá˝áŹ ááąááşáŹášáááŻáŻáášáá˝áŹáá°á¸á ááśááśáá˝áŹÂ áąááŤáášá¸áááŻáŻá¸áá˝áŹ áĄááášáá˛Â áˇáąáááŹáááŻáŻáášá¸áá˝áŹ áżááášááŹá áŹáąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ á áŹááźáášáąááźá ááášáááášá¸ áżááášááŹá áŹáĄáŻáŻááš áááşáąááŹáˇ ááááąááźá áá°áááŻáŻÂ áˇááŹá¸áąáḠáŚá¸áąáá˝áŹáášáá˝Â áąááŹáášá¸áąáá¸áá˛Â áˇááŹá¸áááŻáŻáżááŽá¸ á ááášáá°áᏠáąááŤáášá¸áááŻáŻ á ááášáááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇ ááźáášááŹáá˛áˇ áĄáąáżáá áá° áˇáąááŤáášá¸áá˛áá˝áŹ áĄáżáá˛áąááźá¸áąááá˛áˇ ááááˇášá ááá ášá ááááŻáŻá¸á ááąááşáŹáášá¸ááášá áá˝á ášáąááşáŹáášá¸ááášá áąáĄáŹáášááżáá ášá áąáá¸áąáá¸ááášá ááśáŻáŻá¸ážááŽá¸ááášááśááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇááŤáá˛áˇ ááŹáášáá˝áášáĄáąáżááááŻáŻ áááŤááá˛áˇá áĄá˛ááŽáąá áˇá áąááŹáášááşáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášááŻáŻáášááśáąááź ááąáżááŹáášá¸áąáżááŹáášá¸áá˛Â áˇÂ áąááşá¸áá°á¸ááášááŤááášáááŻáŻááŹáᲠáá˝áŽáááŻáŻáášááášá ááášáááśáŻáŻá¸áĄáżá ᰠá ááŻáŻáááŻáŻá¸á ááášááśáŻáŻá¸á ááᎠááášááŹá¸áá˛áˇ áżááášááŹáąááşáŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áąáá¸áąááź ááşá ášá áᏠáááášáąááŹáášá¸ááášá
ááźáşáášá áĄážáá áŻáŻáášááśáŻáŻá¸á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáąááźáá˛á ááĄáŻáŻáášáżáá ášáá˛áˇ áááŹáážááŽá¸Â áąááááášááşááłá¸ááşá ášáá˛Â ᡠColourful Myanmar á áŹáĄáŻáŻááš Language and Pitfalls áĄááášá¸áá˛á áąááŹáášááŻáŻáášááşáášáááşááł áˇááᯠáá°ááśáŻáŻá¸ááŹá¸ááŤááášá áááżááŽá¸ááŹá¸  áżááášááŹá ááŹá¸áááŻáŻáąááá˛áˇ ááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááź áá˝áášá¸áżááááŻáŻ ááášáżááŽá áááŹáážááŽá¸áᲠᡠáĄáá¤áááášá ᏠáĄáąáá¸áĄááŹá¸ááŻáŻááášáááŻáŻáášááá áááááášáááŻáŻáąááŹáˇ ááášááşáŹá¸ááŤááŤáąáááášá  áá°ááá° ááŤáááášá¸áżáá ášáąááá˛áˇ ááášáąááźáááŻáŻ áĄáąááŹášáááŹááášá¸á  á áŻáŻááŻáŻáśá¸áááášá¸ááźáášá¸áżááŽá¸ ááŻáŻááśááŹááŹáᲠᡠááááżááášááŹáááŻáŻáášááś ááášáąááŹáášááśáŻáŻáĄáąážááŹáášá¸Â áąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇ King Among Men á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášá áááŹáážááŽá¸áá˛Â ᡠmasterpiece áĄáąááŹáášá¸ááśáŻáŻá¸ááášááŹáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáááŻáŻážáááášá  ááá°ááŹááášá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŻáŻááá°áá°áááááśáŻáŻáżááášáááŻáŻ áááášá¸áááŻáŻáášááášá¸áááŻáŻ áąáá¸áááŻáŻ ᡠááááŻáŻáášá¸áááŹáá˝áášáąááźáá˛Â áˇÂ áąááźÂ áˇááśáŻáŻáąááźá¸áąááźá¸á ááŻáŻáąááááżá áŻáŻáżááŽá¸áá˝Â áąáá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáá˝áášááŹá¸áá°á¸ááášá áĄáąááŹášáááŹá ááşáášá á ášááŹá¸á ááąááźá¸áá°á¸á áááśáŻáŻá¸ááášááášá áąááŹáášáŚá¸áááŽá¸á ááşáášááá ááşáášáá ááášááá°á ááášáŚá¸á áąá áŹááźáášáá˝á áááŻáŻááášáąááŹáášá ááášáĽ ááŹáááášáá˛á ááŹáášáąááŹáášáąááźá áĄá˛ááŽá áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáá˛áá˝áŹ ááááˇášáá°ááŹá¸áąááźáżáá ášáááŻáŻ  ᡠáĄáąááŹášáąááŹáášá¸áá˛áˇ á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášá
Since the days back in nineteen twenties, when I went along with my grandfather, U Pe of Mandalay, on his archeological expeditions to the acient city of Bagan, I have fallen in love with the city and her people of the past. He once showed me a terra-cotta plaque with a Pali inscription on paper and read out to me the name and title of the king. I cherished the piece of paper for as long as a time as an eleven-year-old kid could; for who would not be thrilled to own an autograph of a king of nine hundred years ago?
Grandfather spoke of historical characters as if they were our next door neighbors. He once described Anawrahta as kalatha king with a wander-lust. The term kalathais used to describe wild, boisterous young men, or men about the town. Grandfather called Anawrahta a kalathaking, because of his shrewdness and insight in the affairs of the state. When he said that, Anawrahta became a real person, not a cold, printed name in a text book.
áĄááźááˇášáĄáá˝áŹá ááŹá¸áᲠáˇáááš áĄáąááŹášá ááášááášá áŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąááŹáášá¸áąááżááŽá á áŹáĄáŻáŻáášáááášá¸áąáááŹáá˛Â ᡠááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááźá áĄáąáááĄáąáááááš ááąááŹáášáąááŹáˇáá°á¸á
Let 's Call Them Names
   The Myanmar language is rich in names , the good and printable ones as well as the other king. We have various ways of addressing our fellow-beings, or calling names, to use a literal translation of the Myanmar expression.
   It is not quite considerate to a non-Myanmar to introduce a man as, for example, U Thin and then have hime addressed by different people as Ko Thin or Maung Tin or Ko Gyi Tin or U Lay Tin. Chances are that the poor bemused foreigner is at a loss as to who is referring to whom, and he may not be able to decide what he should call the said gentleman. May be he has some colorful names to call him by but not aloud.
áŚá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠáááášááášáąáá¸ááŹá¸áá˛áˇáá°ááąááŹáášáááŻáŻ ááżááŹá¸áá°áąááźá áááŻáŻááášá áąááŹáášááášá áááŻáŻážááŽá¸ááášá áŚá¸áąáá¸ááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáááąááážááąááŹáˇ ááąááááášáąááŹáášáżáá ášááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇÂ áááŻáŻáášááśáżááŹá¸ááŹá¸áááşáŹ ááášáá°á ááášáá°Â áˇáááŻáŻ ááášáááášá¸áá˝áášá¸áááá ááášáááŻáŻáąáááąááááá˝áášá¸ áááśáŻáŻá¸áżááášáááŻáŻáášáąááŹáˇááąááŹáášáá˛á
"Ko" or "Maung" and "Ma" are usually among one's own peers and "U" and "Daw" are used by the younger to their seniors. "Ko""Maung" and "Ma" are informal". In  some localities, Ko Maung is used with the monosyllable of a man's name, for example, Ko Maung Tin. ááźáášáá°áááŻáŻáááš áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá á ááášáąáááżááŽá¸ áŚá¸á áąááááąááŹáˇ ááášáá°áąááźá áĄážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻÂ áąáááąááážáááášá áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá á áááŻáŻÂ ᡠááášáąááážááąááá˛áˇ áááşááłÂ áˇáĄááášáąáááąááźáá˝áŹ áááŻáŻáąááŹáášáááŻáŻ áĄááşááłá¸ááŹá¸ááŹááášáĄáżáá áš ááśáŻáŻá¸ážááżááášáąáᏠáĽááᏠáááŻáŻáąááŹáášááášá"Ko""Maung" and "Ko Maung" are used among one's own peers but a senior gentleman in high official status might use them to his juniors, for example, Ko Hla Aung or Ko Maung Nyi. It is a fine gesture on his part, polite as well as affections. áááŻáŻá áąááŹáášá áááŻáŻáąááŹáášá ááźáášáá°áąááźážááŹá¸Â áąáááąááááášáááŻáŻáąááá˛áˇ áĄááŹááá˝áááŹáášá áá°Â áˇááášááášáá˛áˇáá°áááŻáŻááášá¸ áąáááąáááááŻáŻáášááŤáááš áĽááᏠáááŻáŻáá˝áąáĄáŹáášá áááŻáŻáąááŹáášááŽá ááŤáᏠáá° ááĽášáąááşá¸áááááá˝ááááŻáŻ ááášááášááášáááŻáŻáᏠáżáááá˛áˇ áĄáááĄáᏠáá ášááŻáŻááŤáá˛á Juniors often address their seniors, as Ah-ko-gyi or Ko-gyi prefixed to the monosyllable of the man's name, for example, Ko Gyi Kyaw, this prefix means big brother. áĄááášáąááźá áĄážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ áááŤáááśáá˝áŹ áĄá ášáááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áĄá ášáááŻáŻ ááášáąááážááááš áĽááᏠáááŻáŻážááŽá¸áąááşáŹášá
How to address the seniors
 The Myanmars seldom, if at all, address a senior person by name. The epithets "A-Ko-Gyi, Ah-Ko, Ko-Gyi, Ko-Ko(big brother), U or U-lay, U-Gyi, Ba Gyi, Ba Gyi(Uncle) for men and Ma Ma, A-Ma-Gyi (big sister), Daw Daw (aunt) for women, are used depending on the age of the people involved. áżááášááŹáá°ááşááłá¸áąááźáᏠááŻáŻáááˇášááášáĄááášážááŽá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ ááŹááášááášáąáááá˛ááŤááášá áĄá ášáááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áĄá ášáááŻáŻá áááŻáŻážááŽá¸á áááŻáŻáááŻáŻá áŚá¸á áŚá¸áąáá¸á áážááŽá¸Â áąááźá áąááŹááşáŹášá¸áąáá¸áááŻáŻÂ áąáááąáááááš ááśáŻáŻá¸áżááŽá¸ áááášá¸ááąáá¸áááŻáŻááášáąááŹáˇ ááá áĄá ášáážááŽá¸á áąáááąáá áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąáááąááááŤááášá áąáááąáááá˛áˇáá°áá˛Â áˇÂ áąáááąááááśááá˛áˇáá°áąááźáá˛Â ᡠáĄááášáĄááźáášáąáááá˝áŹááášá¸ áá°ááášááŤááášá
How a husband is addressed
  In my parents and grand-parents days, ladies do not usually call their husbands by their name (I believe they called them a lot of other names in private), they seemed shy to do so. Husband were often referred to as either ein-ga-lu or ein-thar (man of the house). Perhaps these terms are synonymous with "good man" found  in the English classics. ááźáşáášááááŻáŻÂ áˇáĄáááŻáŻá¸áĄááźáŹá¸áąááźáąááášááŻáŻáášá¸á  áááášá¸ááąááźá áąááŹáášáşáŹá¸áá˛Â ᡠááŹááášáááŻáŻÂ áąáááąááˇáááá˝áá°á¸á (ááŽá¸ááášÂ áˇááŹááášáąááź ááá˝ááááˇášááášáááŻáŻÂ ᡠááźáşáášá ááśáŻáŻážááášáááš) áá°áááŻáŻÂ ᡠáĄá˛áááŻáŻáąáááąááááá˝áŹ áá˝áášááśáŻáŻáááášá áąááŹáášáşáŹá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ áĄááášááá°á áĄááášááŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇÂ áąááááášá áĄáá¤áááášáááśááášáááłáłáąááźáá˛á good man áá˛Â ᡠááźáŹá¸áá°ááśáŻáŻáááášá
The Trouble with You and Me
Person to person relationship
 Of course, the trouble is mainly with you...s and me...s in Myanmar language. My sympathy is with the poor bemused foreigner who has to learn the language. I see many fight a losing battle, especially with personal pronouns. There are many variations, which, as Shwe Yoe said, "might be phillogically interesting, but spoilt the temper."áżááášááŹááŹááŹáá˛Â ᡠáĄááá áżááááŹá ááášá áááš ááŤá ááźáşáášáááąááŹáˇ áżááášááŹá áŹááášáá˛áˇÂ áááŻáŻáášááśáżááŹá¸ááŹá¸áąááźáááŻáŻ ááśáá¸áąááá˛áˇ áááŻáŻáášááźá˛áááŻáŻ ááášáááŻáŻáášáąááá˛áˇáá°áááŻáŻÂ áˇáżááášááášá áĄáá°á¸ááżáááˇáš ááŹáášá áŹá¸áąááźáá˛Â ᡠááášááášáááŻáŻÂ áˇáąááŤáˇá ááźá˛ááźá˛áááąááź áĄááşáŹá¸ážááŽá¸ááá˝ááášÂ áąáááááŻáŻá¸áąáżááŹááááŻáŻáŻáŻ á ááášááášá áŹá¸áááŻáŻÂ áˇáąááŹáˇÂ áąááŹáášá¸ááŤáá˛Â ᡠ ááŤáąááá˛áˇÂ áąááŤáááźáášáááášá ááźáşáášáąááŹášá ááášááşáŹá¸á ááźáşáášáá áá˝áášá ááŤá ááášá ááášá ááášá¸á áááşááŻáŻášáášáááááˇášáąááŹášá áĄáá˝áášááŻáŻááŹá¸ áááˇášáąááŹášááááŻáŻÂ áąáááąáááąáżááŹáááŻáŻáááášá
Honorific Terms
 There is still a thesaurus of honorific terms in relationship between laymen and monks. A monk does not eat, but he phone-pays; he does not sleep, but he kyeins; he does not come or go, but the kywas; he does not stay in some place, but he tha-din-thones; he does not die but he pyan-daw-mus. A layman does not speak to a monk, but he has to shauk; one does not hand things to monk, but has to kat; one does not invite monks, but hast to pink. Things in relation to monks are also called in different terms. Rice meal is soon, and houses for monks, kyaungs. A woman is referred to as da-yi-kar-ma, and the man as da-yi-kar. Older persons are called da-gar-ma-gyi (female) and da-gar-gyi(male). A monk's father and mothers are called the same.
The Trouble with In-Laws
 Our language is quite rich in names by which we call in-laws, the good and printable ones, I mean. Once I introduced my son's mother-in-law to a non-Burmese friend as "my kha-met" explaining that it describes our relationship. My friend said she wished there are a similar word in English. "When I introduced my son's parents-in-law as Mr. and Mrs. So and So, it does nothing to explain our relationship", she said.
 In many ways, I think, the English language is rather poor in expression, for when we say "brother-in-law" it does not quite tell us whether it is a man-to-man relation, or woman to man relation. In Myanmar, a man's wife's brother or his sister's husband is yauk-pha. I believe Karens used this word to mean "friend".
Brother and Sister Terms
 Among the Myanmar, if a man called you (a man) yauk-pha, it works both ways; either he is leering at your beautiful sister, or trying to throw his sister into your arms. So it depends on the circumstances whether this form of address is to anyone's advantage.
 The word changes when it describes the woman to man relationship; a woman husband's younger brother or her younger sister's husband is called mutt, a husband's other brother or her older sister's husband is khe-oh; when two men are married to tow sisters, each one to the other, I mean, they are called ma-yar-nyi-ah-ko, that is to say, "brother-by virtue of -their wives".
 A woman's brother's wife or her husband's sister is youk-ma; a man's younger brother's wife or his wife's younger sister is a khe-ma; a man's elder brother's wife or his wife's elder sister is a ma-yee, when two women are married to two brothers, they arelin-nyi-ah-ma; these are the variations of the word "sister-in-law" in English.
A Brother, Elder or Younger?
 "Brother", and "sister" create quite a lot of problems in Myanmar language; a man's younger sister is hna-ma, elder sister ah-ma; a woman's younger sister is nyi-ma, elder sister ah-ma, the same as a man's elder sister. A man's younger brother is nyiand elder brother is ah-ko; a woman's younger brother is maung and elder brother ah-ko, the same as a man's elder brother.
 The "older" or the "younger" problem created quite a stir in the B.B.C headquarters some years ago, when the news of some celebrity's brother was about to be put on the air; the one in charge of the Myanmar section insisted on knowing whether the man was the older or younger brother. His chief could not quite understand why he should make an issue of it, until the Vietnamese section demanded the same information.
Cousin - Â no Myanmar Equivalent
 Another tricky word is cousin, for which the Myanmar have no equivalent. We have a suffix in Myanmar wun-kwe to describe the relationship among those who are scions of the same grand-parents; the world nyi or nyi-ma is added.
 Again there are uncles and aunts; a parent's elder brother is ba-gyior u-gyi, younger brother u-lay or ba-dway; the older sister of a parent is ghee-daw or kyee-kyee, a younger sister is daw-lay or daw-daw, ah-yeeis mostly used by Upper Myanmars and it is common gender, aunt or uncle; gyior lay is added to show whether he or she is older than your parent.
 There are localities where ah-yee is considered feminine gender, and people often get a shock at some different place to see a venerable gentleman with a handle bar mustache when a frail little old lady is expected.
How to have grandchildren while single and respectable
 Our grandchildren are myee, common gender, so are our grand nephews and nieces. Bachelors and spinsters could have myees, even while living a blameless life of single blessedness. I have had a good share of maiden aunts and great aunts and I can say that I was descended from a "long line of maiden aunts" without slurring anyone's good name.
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Reference : Colorful Myanmar, King Among Men ( Author -Khin Myo Chit)